The Aos, a prominent ethnic group inhabiting the verdant landscapes of Mokokchung district in Nagaland, India, boast a rich cultural heritage. Their language, spoken in three main dialects—Chungli, Mongsen, and Changki—reflects the diversity within the community. Traditionally, Ao society is divided into several clans that associate themselves and their villages with six majestic mountain ranges: Ongpangkong, Asetkong, Jangpetkong, Japukong, Langpangkong, and Tsurangkong, which have deeply influenced their cultural identity. Agriculture, particularly paddy cultivation, forms the backbone of the Ao economy. Animal husbandry further supplements their livelihoods.
A strong sense of community is deeply ingrained in Ao society. Village councils play a crucial role in governance. While women's groups actively contribute to the well-being of the community, the youth organizations play a significant role in community development, village protection, and social welfare. Local associations promote the Ao dialects.

In the past, morungs - traditional skilling institutions of the Nagas, played a crucial role in preparing Ao village boys and girls for life and adulthood. Arju was the traditional male morung, while tsüki was the women's, both divided by clans.

Weaving on loin looms to make their own clothes has been integral to their lifestyle. In the olden days, dyeing in natural colour was practiced, which is now a lost skill. Basketry is also a cherished tradition.

The Aos have their unique traditional dress and ornaments. The women typically wear a ‘supeti’ (wraparound skirt) and a ‘amdang su’ or ‘etsung su’ (common shawl). Men of valour, merit, and leadership wear a shawl called ‘tsüngkotepsü.’ Historically, it was worn by warriors who had demonstrated exceptional bravery. Today, they symbolize wealth and social status.

Beautiful folklores, songs, dances and festivals embodying their ancestral stories, customs, practices, and beliefs adorn the Ao culture.
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